How to protect respiratory health from summer’s heat, humidity and poor air quality

Summer is the season of warmth and outdoor fun. But with the heat comes a rise in respiratory issues. Humidity, heat and increased air pollution can trigger respiratory issues, especially for those living with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other lung conditions. This can negatively affect one’s health and breathing, even for those without a chronic lung condition. Some effects can be minor, while others can be more severe.  

By staying informed and taking precautions, we can protect our lungs and maintain our well-being, even during the hottest and haziest days of summer. 

Why does summer air quality matter? 

During the summer, several environmental factors contribute to poor air quality that can trigger respiratory issues, even for healthy individuals.  

Common triggers include: 

• Air pollution and smog: Industrial activity and car emissions lead to higher levels of ground-level ozone pollution and fine particulate matter, especially during heat waves. 
• Wildfire smoke: Smoke from forest fires can travel and linger in the air for days, making it harder to breathe. 
• Campfires: Smoke from campfires can irritate the respiratory system and trigger inflammation in airways.  
• Pollen: Grass and tree pollen peaks in early to mid-summer during high heat temperatures. This can result in increased allergy symptoms like shortness of breath or coughing.  
• Extreme heat and humidity: These conditions place additional stress on the respiratory system and can trigger flare-ups in those with respiratory conditions. 

How can you prepare for summer air quality? 

Understand your risks 

Clean air quality is pivotal in maintaining your overall health, especially your respiratory health. It’s important to understand your own risk level and take precautions during high-risk days. 

Certain groups are more vulnerable to these environmental factors. Individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions face increased risks during days with poor air quality. Children, older adults, outdoor workers and people with other chronic illnesses, like cardiovascular disease, are also at greater risk. Even those without diagnosed respiratory conditions may experience shortness of breath, coughing or chest tightness when smog, humidity and heat combine. 

Know the signs 

If you live with underlying respiratory conditions, it’s important to recognize when your symptoms are worsening. Warning signs can include: 

• Coughing or wheezing 
• Tightness in chest 
• Shortness of breath 
• Headaches 
• Dehydration 
• Irritation in eyes, nose and throat 
• Needing to use an inhaler more frequently 

If you or someone in your household starts experiencing these symptoms and they don’t improve with medication, seek medical attention immediately.  

Be prepared 

Preparation and awareness can go a long way in reducing the impact of summer air on your lungs. Here are a few steps you can take: 

1. Monitor air quality daily: Sign up for The Government of Canada and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP) email notifications to receive air quality alerts in your region. Check The Weather Network’s Air Quality Health Index page for daily updates in Toronto. Download weather apps to check local air quality. 
2. Limit outdoor activities: On days when the air quality is poor, limit physical outdoor activity and stay in air-conditioned spaces when possible. Avoid exercise during peak heat hours, which are generally 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. 
3. Keep medications and devices accessible: Use medications as prescribed. If you use an inhaler, ensure it is always with you. If you use a device like a portable oxygen concentrator, keep it charged and stocked with necessary supplies to remain functional.  
4. Use air filters and purifiers: Consider using an air purifier or a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in your home to improve air quality. These filters can reduce airborne triggers like allergens and can trap fine particles that are produced from wildfire smoke and air pollution. 
5. Keep windows and doors closed: To keep indoor air clean, keep all windows and doors closed during smog or wildfire smoke events to prevent polluted air from entering your home. 
6. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. Water helps thin any mucus in your lungs and airways.  

Where to access information and support 

If you or someone you know is living with a chronic lung condition or if you want to stay informed, consult the following resources to help you manage your health during the summer months: 

• View the City of Toronto’s hot weather safety tips for information about staying safe in the heat. 
• For more information about air quality and how to protect yourself on high-risk days, visit the City of Toronto’s Air Quality page.  
• Visit the Lung Health Foundation website or Canadian Lung Association’s website to learn more information on lung health, air quality and how to protect yourself. 
• Visit the Air Quality of Ontario’s Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) page to check your local air quality.